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sheriff    音标拼音: [ʃ'ɛrəf] [ʃ'ɛrɪf]
n. 郡治安官,州长

郡治安官,州长

sheriff
n 1: the principal law-enforcement officer in a county

Sheriff \Sher"iff\, n. [OE. shereve, AS. sc[imac]r-ger?fa;
sc[imac]r a shire ger?fa a reeve. See Shire, and {Reeve},
and cf. {Shrievalty}.]
The chief officer of a shire or county, to whom is intrusted
the execution of the laws, the serving of judicial writs and
processes, and the preservation of the peace.
[1913 Webster]

Note: In England, sheriffs are appointed by the king. In the
United States, sheriffs are elected by the legislature
or by the citizens, or appointed and commissioned by
the executive of the State. The office of sheriff in
England is judicial and ministerial. In the United
States, it is mainly ministerial. The sheriff, by
himself or his deputies, executes civil and criminal
process throughout the county, has charge of the jail
and prisoners, attends courts, and keeps the peace. His
judicial authority is generally confined to
ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like.
Sheriff, in Scotland, called sheriff depute, is
properly a judge, having also certain ministerial
powers. Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the Sheriff's
Court in Scotland. Sheriff's Court in London is a
tribunal having cognizance of certain personal actions
in that city. --Wharton, Tomlins. Erskine.
[1913 Webster] Sheriffship
Sheriffry
Sheriffdom
Sheriffalty

47 Moby Thesaurus words for "sheriff":
G-man, MP, bailiff, beadle, beagle, bound bailiff, captain,
catchpole, chief of police, commissioner, constable, deputy,
deputy sheriff, detective, fed, federal, flic, gendarme,
government man, inspector, lictor, lieutenant, mace-bearer,
marshal, mounted policeman, narc, officer, patrolman,
peace officer, police captain, police commissioner,
police constable, police inspector, police matron, police officer,
police sergeant, policeman, policewoman, portreeve, reeve,
roundsman, sergeant, sergeant at arms, superintendent, tipstaff,
tipstaves, trooper

SHERIFF. The name of the chief officer of the county. In Latin he is called
vice comes, because in England he represented the comes or earl. His name is
said to be derived from the Saxon seyre, shire or county, and reve, keeper,
bailiff, or guardian.
2. The general duties of the sheriff are, 1st. To keep the peace within
the county; he may apprehend, and commit to prison all persons who break the
peace or attempt to break it, and bind any one in a recognizance to keep the
peace. He is required ex officio, to pursue and take all traitors,
murderers, felons and rioters. He has the keeping of the county gaol and he
is bound to defend it against all attacks. He may command the posse
comitatus. (q.v.)
3.-2d. In his ministerial capacity, the sheriff is bound to execute
within his county or bailiwick, all process issuing from the courts of the
commonwealth.
4.-3d. The sheriff also possesses a judicial capacity, but this is very
much circumscribed to what it was at common law in England. It is now
generally confined to ascertain damages on writs of inquiry and the like.
5. Generally speaking the sheriff has no authority out of his county. 2
Rolle's Rep. 163; Plowd, 37 a. He may, however, do mere ministerial acts out
of his county, as making a return. Dalt. Sh. 22. Vide, generally, the
various Digests and Abridgments, h.t.; Dalt. Sher.; Wats. Off. and Duty of
Sheriff; Wood's Inst. 75; 18 Eng. Com. Law Rep. 177; 2 Phil. Ev. 213; Chit.
Pr. Index, h.t.; Chit. Pr. Law, Index, h.t.


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    美国治安官,叫做Sheriff,是县里面的一个雇员,不是公务员,由县长指派或县议会授权在县内执法。 一般一个县警察局很小,一个sheriff带几个deputy就完了。
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    这两个词很难区分吗?一般人搞不清楚的应该是sheriff跟 marshal 吧。 小镇居民选举一个人来维持镇上的治安,这个人就叫 sheriff。然后他根据小镇居民赋予他的权力,雇了一票人,发枪给他们,让他们协助自己维持治安,这票人就都是他的deputy。
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