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pronunciation    音标拼音: [pron,ʌnsi'eʃən] [prən,ʌnsi'eʃən]
n. 发音,读法

发音,读法

pronunciation
n 1: the manner in which someone utters a word; "they are always
correcting my pronunciation"
2: the way a word or a language is customarily spoken; "the
pronunciation of Chinese is difficult for foreigners"; "that
is the correct pronunciation" [synonym: {pronunciation},
{orthoepy}]

Pronunciation \Pro*nun`ci*a"tion\ (?; 277), n. [F.
pronunciation, L. pronunciatio. See {Pronounce}.]
[1913 Webster]
1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving
the proper sound and accent; utterance; as, the
pronunciation of syllables of words; distinct or
indistinct pronunciation.
[1913 Webster]

2. The mode of uttering words or sentences.
[1913 Webster]

3. (Rhet.) The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly
with propriety and gracefulness; -- now called {delivery}.
--J. Q. Adams.
[1913 Webster]

In this dictionary slashes (/../) bracket phonetic
pronunciations of words not found in a standard English
dictionary. The notation, and many of the pronunciations,
were adapted from the Hacker's {Jargon File}.

Syllables are separated by {dash} or followed {single quote}
or {back quote}. Single quote means the preceding syllable is
stressed (louder), back quote follows a syllable with
intermediate stress (slightly louder), otherwise all syllables
are equally stressed.

Consonants are pronounced as in English but note:

ch soft, as in "church"
g hard, as in "got"
gh aspirated gh of "bughouse" or "ragheap"
j voiced, as in "judge"
kh guttural of "loch" or "l'chaim"
s unvoiced, as in "pass"
zh as "s" in "pleasure"

Uppercase letters are pronounced as their English letter
names; thus (for example) /H-L-L/ is equivalent to /aych el
el/. /Z/ is pronounced /zee/ in the US and /zed/ in the UK
(elsewhere?).

Vowels are represented as follows:

a back, that
ah father, palm (see note)
ar far, mark
aw flaw, caught
ay bake, rain
e less, men
ee easy, ski
eir their, software
i trip, hit
i: life, sky
o block, stock (see note)
oh flow, sew
oo loot, through
or more, door
ow out, how
oy boy, coin
uh but, some
u put, foot
*r fur, insert (only in stressed
syllables; otherwise use just "r")
y yet, young
yoo few, chew
[y]oo /oo/ with optional fronting as
in `news' (/nooz/ or /nyooz/)

A /*/ is used for the `schwa' sound of unstressed or occluded
vowels (often written with an upside-down `e'). The schwa
vowel is omitted in unstressed syllables containing vocalic l,
m, n or r; that is, "kitten" and "colour" would be rendered
/kit'n/ and /kuhl'r/, not /kit'*n/ and /kuhl'*r/.

The above table reflects mainly distinctions found in standard
American English (that is, the neutral dialect spoken by TV
network announcers and typical of educated speech in the Upper
Midwest, Chicago, Minneapolis/St.Paul and Philadelphia).
However, we separate /o/ from /ah/, which tend to merge in
standard American. This may help readers accustomed to
accents resembling British Received Pronunciation.

Entries with a pronunciation of `//' are written-only.

(1997-12-10)


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  • pronunciation - Different ch Sounds - German Language Stack Exchange
    Now pronunciation of a sound is always influenced by surrounding sounds, often in ways that speakers are not aware of, because their language does not differentiate between these versions
  • pronunciation - How is “ch” pronounced correctly? - German Language . . .
    The pronunciation of Grüß dich on that site is decent but doesn't sound like a native speaker's The r is rolled in a way that doesn't sound German The ü is ever so slightly off (possibly something about length or intonation) The i sounds a bit too schwa- or e-like And the ch, while definitely recognisable, has a tendency towards sch
  • pronunciation - How to pronounce Gröbner? - German Language Stack . . .
    The pronunciation of the consonants in Gröbner ist just strait forward, like in English Note, that the r at the end of the word is silent, so the last sound of Gröbner is an unstressed schwa sound So, this is the correct pronunciation of Gröbner in IPA symbols: [ˈɡʁøːbnɐ]
  • Pronunciation of ä - German Language Stack Exchange
    In standard German, a long "ä" is pronounced [ɛː], but the pronunciation differs in some dialects For instance, it is pronounced [eː] in northern Germany As the media usually follows a northern dialect, it is common to hear a long "ä" pronounced as [e:] in German movies, TV series and news broadcasting
  • What are the pronunciation rules for the consonant d?
    This is true for standard pronunciation, but the effect is even stronger in dialects Take the word »Teppich« (carpet) as an example If you look for the pronunciation in a dictionary, you will find the northern standard, which is: [ˈtɛpɪç] or [ˈtʰɛpɪç] This means: a hard and voiceless t, a short e, and a hard and voiceless p
  • pronunciation - In written German, how can I tell whether s is . . .
    sch is pronounced ʃ ß is pronounced s But how can I differentiate between the pronunciations s , ʃ and z for your average s in written German? Does it depend on s ' position in
  • pronunciation - Pronouncing bitte vs bitter - German Language Stack . . .
    The standard pronunciation for is [ˈbɪtɐ], i e the phonemes ər are represented by the vowel [ɐ]; for , it is [ˈbɪtə], only differing in the final vowel, but clearly distinguishable for German native speakers The pronunciation [ˈbɪtər], as heard in your linked example, is very unusual, probably only used when over-enunciating It is recommended in Theodor Siebs’s (pronunciation
  • pronunciation - How to pronounce Universität? - German Language Stack . . .
    Universität - Wiktionary Universität - Pons Still, these pronunciation vary considerably People believe that German as spoken in and around the city of Hannover is the most understood variant This also led to creating the "ARD-Aussprachedatenbank" to help people working there as newsreaders to share a common pronunciation
  • pronunciation - How to pronounce the g at the end of König or Leipzig . . .
    This is also the pronunciation that learners of German as a foreign language should prefer (except they live in a German speaking area south of this line) the real southern pronunciation with [ig] South of the geographic line mentioned above, including whole Switzerland and Austria, people don't use [iç] for »-ich« at the end of a word
  • What is the difference in pronunciation of the letters E and I?
    The difference in pronunciation is the degree to which the jaw is opened; [e] is less open than [i] The position of the tongue is the same for both vowels (this is in the front)





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