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hardness    音标拼音: [h'ɑrdnəs]
n. 坚硬,困难,严厉,勇气

坚硬,困难,严厉,勇气

hardness
n 1: the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not
easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale [ant: {softness}]
2: a quality of water that contains dissolved mineral salts that
prevent soap from lathering; "the costs of reducing hardness
depend on the relative amounts of calcium and magnesium
compounds that are present"
3: devoid of passion or feeling; hardheartedness [synonym:
{unfeelingness}, {callousness}, {callosity}, {hardness},
{insensibility}]
4: the quality of being difficult to do; "he assigned a series
of problems of increasing hardness"; "the ruggedness of his
exams caused half the class to fail" [synonym: {hardness},
{ruggedness}]
5: excessive sternness; "severity of character"; "the harshness
of his punishment was inhuman"; "the rigors of boot camp"
[synonym: {severity}, {severeness}, {harshness}, {rigor},
{rigour}, {rigorousness}, {rigourousness}, {inclemency},
{hardness}, {stiffness}]

Hardness \Hard"ness\, n. [AS. heardness.]
1. The quality or state of being hard, literally or
figuratively.
[1913 Webster]

The habit of authority also had given his manners
some peremptory hardness. --Sir W.
Scott.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Min.) The cohesion of the particles on the surface of a
body, determined by its capacity to scratch another, or be
itself scratched; -- measured among minerals on a scale of
which diamond and talc form the extremes.
[1913 Webster]

3. (Chem.) The peculiar quality exhibited by water which has
mineral salts dissolved in it. Such water forms an
insoluble compound with soap, and is hence unfit for
washing purposes.
[1913 Webster]

Note: This quality is caused by the presence of calcium
carbonate, causing temporary hardness which can be
removed by boiling, or by calcium sulphate, causing
permanent hardness which can not be so removed, but may
be improved by the addition of sodium carbonate.
[1913 Webster]

158 Moby Thesaurus words for "hardness":
Philistinism, abstruseness, arduousness, armor, asperity,
astringency, austerity, bothersomeness, burdensomeness, callosity,
callousness, callus, closeness, cohesiveness, coldbloodedness,
coldheartedness, coldness, compactness, complexity, complication,
congestedness, congestion, consistence, consistency, crabbedness,
crampedness, crowdedness, cruelty, deepness, denseness, density,
difficultness, difficulty, durability, esoterica, firmness,
flintiness, formidable defenses, fundamentalism, gluiness,
grimness, hairiness, hard heart, hard shell, hardenedness,
hardheartedness, hardiness, hardness of heart, hardship, harshness,
heart of stone, heartlessness, impenetrability, impenitence,
impenitentness, impermeability, imperviousness, impliability,
imporosity, inclemency, incompressibility, induration,
inexorability, inexorableness, inflexibility, infrangibility,
insensitiveness, insensitivity, insolence, intricacy, inuredness,
irrepentance, jammedness, knottiness, laboriousness, lastingness,
leatherlikeness, mercilessness, nonrepentance, obduracy,
obdurateness, obstinacy, onerousness, oppressiveness, orthodoxy,
pitilessness, precisianism, profoundness, profundity, purism,
puritanism, reconditeness, relative density, relentlessness,
remorselessness, resistance, rhinoceros hide, rigidity, rigidness,
rigor, rigorousness, ropiness, roughness, ruggedness, ruthlessness,
seared conscience, severity, short shrift, solidity, solidness,
soundness, specific gravity, spissitude, stability, stamina,
staunchness, sternness, stiffness, stoniness, stoutness, strength,
strenuousness, stringency, stringiness, stubbornness, sturdiness,
temper, tenacity, tender mercies, thick skin, thickness,
toilsomeness, toughness, troublesomeness, unabjectness,
unbendingness, unbreakability, unbreakableness,
uncompassionateness, uncompromisingness, uncontriteness, unfeeling,
unfeelingness, unforgivingness, ungentleness, unmercifulness,
unnaturalness, unrelentingness, unremorsefulness, unresponsiveness,
unsympatheticness, unyieldingness, vicissitude, vigor, viscidity,
viscosity, viscousness, vitality


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  • Strength vs. Hardness vs. Toughness - Engineering Stack Exchange
    3 for this question: "What is the difference between strength, hardness and toughness in materials?" i have searched and have found these following definitions Strength refers to resistance to deformation, and also to a large elastic range
  • mechanical engineering - How do I determine what hardness to change the . . .
    The steel tire could easily be any hardness you want It would be poor judgement to mess with the rolling element bearing hardness The heat-treatment has been developed over decades One factor is the residual compressive stresses developed on the surface ( by New Departure years ago) to significantly extend fatigue life
  • strength - What is the physical reasoning behind metal becoming . . .
    The effects of heating-quenching a metal is explained below Transformation hardening is the heat-quench-tempering heat treatment cycle addressed earlier in this article It's used to adjust strength and ductility to meet specific application requirements There are three steps to transformation hardening: Cause the steel to become completely austenitic by heating it 50 to 100 degrees F above
  • What is the significance of brittle materials and why do we use them?
    We have studied that cast iron which is a brittle material is used in automobile cylinder block, head, housing flywheel etc If it is a brittle material then why it is used there? Another term that is confusing me is hardness How hardness is related to brittleness If a material is strong and hard, will it be brittle?
  • What material property (Youngs modulus, HRC hardness, Max yield . . .
    Given similar strength and hardness spec, materials that work-harden can be much worse to work with If milling or drilling, some materials form nasty chips compared to others Some have a wear-resistant microstructure (grains of carbides or silicons) and hence eat up the cutting tool faster than others
  • materials - Durometer and Shore - Engineering Stack Exchange
    Can someone help me understand durometer and shore hardness testing with relation to rubber hardness? My understanding is durometer measures hardness, shore is a different type of scale The image
  • How do you plot a relation between hardness and strain
    How do I plot the relation between hardness of a material and compressive strain knowing the stress-strain curve and indentation size in Brinell's hardness test
  • Difference between Stiffness (K) and Modulus of Elasticity (E)?
    In Solid Mechanics, We can relate these K=AE L I am confused in these Both resist deformations when load is applied on it Is K constant like E is constant Another thing which is confusing is hardness which is the same (resists deformation on application of load)
  • At what temperature do I risk altering the structure of steel?
    If I have structural or tool steel that has been treated to some standard (ASTM, SAE, ISO -- e g , for hardness) but I don't know the details of the treatment, is there a "safe" temperature below which I can work the steel without affecting its performance characteristics?
  • mechanical engineering - Metal monocrystalline structures and tempering . . .
    The size, shape, layout, and many other properties of these grains has a considerable impact on the macro-scale properties of the metal, e g it's toughness, rigidness, tensile strength, hardness, and all the other wonderful properties of metals





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