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  • Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    Halitosis describes any disagreeable odour of expired air from the mouth In most cases, it arises from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), diamines, and short-chain fatty acids in the exhaled air It is more likely to occur in individuals with oral, dental, and nasopharyngeal disea
  • Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US
    Halitosis describes any disagreeable odor of expired air from the mouth In most cases, it arises from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), diamines, and short-chain fatty acids in the exhaled air It is more likely to occur in individuals with oral, dental, and nasopharyngeal diseas
  • Halitose - Sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento - BMJ Best Practice
    Halitose é o termo usado para descrever qualquer odor desagradável no ar expirado pela boca Na maioria dos casos, ele se deve à presença de compostos voláteis de enxofre (CVEs), diaminas e ácidos graxos de cadeia curta no ar exalado
  • Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - BMJ Best Practice
    Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is defined as 'the condition in which the reflux of gastric contents into the oesophagus results in symptoms and or complications'
  • Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice
    Halitosis describes any disagreeable odour of expired air from the mouth In most cases, it arises from the presence of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), diamines, and short-chain fatty acids in the exhaled air
  • Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice
    Sialadenitis is the inflammation and enlargement of one or several major salivary glands It most commonly affects parotid and submandibular glands
  • Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice
    Haemochromatosis is a genetic disorder causing a build-up of iron levels in the body over time Common presenting features include fatigue and arthralgias
  • Evaluation of chronic cough - BMJ Best Practice US
    spirometry (FEV1 FVC ratio and bronchodilator reversibility [BDR] test): FEV1 forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio: below the lower limit of normal (LLN; if available) or <70% (if LLN not available) is positive for airflow obstruction; BDR test: improvement in FEV1 of 12% or more in response to beta agonists (or to a treatment trial with corticosteroids), together with an increase in volume of
  • Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice US
    Gingivitis is caused by bacterial plaque (dental biofilm) that accumulates daily on the teeth Results in redness, slight swelling, or "puffiness" of the gums and bleeding on tooth brushing
  • Differential diagnosis of symptoms - BMJ Best Practice
    Haemoptysis is the coughing of blood from a source below the glottis It can range from a small amount of blood-streaked sputum to massive bleeding with life-threatening consequences due to airway obstruction, hypoxaemia, and haemodynamic instability





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