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congenital    音标拼音: [kəndʒ'ɛnətəl]
a. 天生的,先天的

天生的,先天的

congenital
adj 1: present at birth but not necessarily hereditary; acquired
during fetal development [synonym: {congenital}, {inborn},
{innate}]

Congenital \Con*gen"i*tal\ (k[o^]n*j[e^]n"[i^]*tal), a. [From
{Congenite}.]
Existing at, or dating from, birth; pertaining to one from
birth; born with one; connate; constitutional; natural; as, a
congenital deformity; a congenital liar. See {Connate} and
{native}.

Syn: connate; native; inborn; inherited; hereditary. [1913
Webster PJC]


Native \Na"tive\ (n[=a]"t[i^]v), a. [F. natif, L. nativus, fr.
nasci, p. p. natus. See {Nation}, and cf. {Na["i]ve}, {Neif}
a serf.]
1. Arising by birth; having an origin; born. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]

Anaximander's opinion is, that the gods are native,
rising and vanishing again in long periods of times.
--Cudworth.
[1913 Webster]

2. Of or pertaining to one's birth; natal; belonging to the
place or the circumstances in which one is born; --
opposed to {foreign}; as, native land, language, color,
etc.
[1913 Webster]

3. Born in the region in which one lives; as, a native
inhabitant, race; grown or originating in the region where
used or sold; not foreign or {imported}; as, native
oysters, or strawberries. In the latter sense, synonymous
with {domestic}.
[1913 Webster PJC]

4. Original; constituting the original substance of anything;
as, native dust. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]

5. Conferred by birth; derived from origin; born with one;
inherent; inborn; not acquired; as, native genius,
cheerfulness, wit, simplicity, rights, intelligence, etc.
Having the same meaning as {congenital}, but typically
used for positive qualities, whereas {congenital} may be
used for negative qualities. See also {congenital}
[1913 Webster PJC]

Courage is native to you. --Jowett
(Thucyd.).
[1913 Webster]

6. Naturally related; cognate; connected (with). [R.]
[1913 Webster]

the head is not more native to the heart, . . .
Than is the throne of Denmark to thy father. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]

7. (Min.)
(a) Found in nature uncombined with other elements; as,
native silver, copper, gold.
(b) Found in nature; not artificial; as native sodium
chloride.
[1913 Webster]

{Native American party}. See under {American}, a.

{Native bear} (Zool.), the koala.

{Native bread} (Bot.), a large underground fungus, of
Australia ({Mylitta australis}), somewhat resembling a
truffle, but much larger.

{Native devil}. (Zool.) Same as {Tasmanian devil}, under
{Devil}.

{Native hen} (Zool.), an Australian rail ({Tribonyx
Mortierii}).

{Native pheasant}. (Zool.) See {Leipoa}.

{Native rabbit} (Zool.), an Australian marsupial ({Perameles
lagotis}) resembling a rabbit in size and form.

{Native sloth} (Zool.), the koala.

{Native thrush} (Zool.), an Australian singing bird
({Pachycephala olivacea}); -- called also {thickhead}.

{Native turkey} (Zool.), the Australian bustard ({Choriotis
australis}); -- called also {bebilya}.
[1913 Webster]

Syn: Natural; natal; original; congenital.

Usage: {Native}, {Natural}, {Natal}. natural refers to the
nature of a thing, or that which springs therefrom;
native, to one's birth or origin; as, a native
country, language, etc.; natal, to the circumstances
of one's birth; as, a natal day, or star. Native
talent is that which is inborn; natural talent is that
which springs from the structure of the mind. Native
eloquence is the result of strong innate emotion;
natural eloquence is opposed to that which is studied
or artificial.
[1913 Webster]

77 Moby Thesaurus words for "congenital":
absolute, all-embracing, all-encompassing, all-out, all-pervading,
atavistic, bodily, born, broad-based, clean, clear, coeval,
comprehensive, connatal, connate, connatural, constitutional,
consummate, deep-dyed, deep-seated, downright, dyed-in-the-wool,
egregious, essential, exhaustive, genetic, hereditary,
in the blood, inborn, inbred, incarnate, indigenous, indwelling,
ingrained, inherited, innate, instinctive, instinctual, intensive,
intrinsic, native, native to, natural, natural to, omnibus,
omnipresent, organic, out-and-out, outright, perfect, pervasive,
physical, plain, plumb, primal, pure, radical, regular, sheer,
straight, sweeping, temperamental, thorough, thoroughgoing,
through-and-through, total, ubiquitous, unacquired, unconditional,
universal, unmitigated, unqualified, unreserved, unrestricted,
utter, veritable, wholesale


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  • Congenital disorders - World Health Organization (WHO)
    Congenital disorders can contribute to long-term disability, which takes a significant toll on individuals, families, health care systems and societies Nine of ten children born with a serious congenital disorder are in low- and middle-income countries
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  • Pregnancy and Congenital Heart Defects - NHLBI, NIH
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  • First-ever guidance for Triple Elimination of mother-to-child . . .
    WHO presented the first-ever guidance for countries to develop comprehensive and integrated programmes for Triple Elimination of mother-to-child transmission (EMTCT) of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus as a public health priority The new guidance promotes an integrated, person-centred approach to EMTCT along 4 pillars and 4 cross-cutting implementation considerations, and outlines a
  • News on Congenital Heart Defects | NHLBI, NIH
    Congenital heart defects have long posed great risks for the 2 5 million Americans who currently live with them Now this most common of birth defects has become the focus of an innovative research model that could mean a brighter, healthier future for many children born with this often life-threatening condition The model, which already has been





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