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Perl    音标拼音: [p'ɚl]
A {high-level} programming language, started
by {Larry Wall} in 1987 and developed as an {open source}
project. It has an eclectic heritage, deriving from the
ubiquitous {C} programming language and to a lesser extent
from {sed}, {awk}, various {Unix} {shell} languages, {Lisp},
and at least a dozen other tools and languages. Originally
developed for {Unix}, it is now available for many
{platforms}.

Perl's elaborate support for {regular expression} matching and
substitution has made it the {language of choice} for tasks
involving {string manipulation}, whether for text or binary
data. It is particularly popular for writing {CGI scripts}.

The language's highly flexible syntax and concise regular
expression operators, make densely written Perl code
indecipherable to the uninitiated. The syntax is, however,
really quite simple and powerful and, once the basics have
been mastered, a joy to write.

Perl's only {primitive} data type is the "scalar", which can
hold a number, a string, the undefined value, or a typed
reference. Perl's {aggregate} data types are {arrays}, which
are ordered lists of {scalars} indexed by {natural numbers},
and hashes (or "{associative arrays}") which are unordered
lists of scalars indexed by strings. A reference can point to
a scalar, array, hash, {function}, or {filehandle}. {Objects}
are implemented as references "{blessed}" with a {class} name.
Strings in Perl are {eight-bit clean}, including {nulls}, and
so can contain {binary data}.

Unlike C but like most Lisp dialects, Perl internally and
dynamically handles all memory allocation, {garbage
collection}, and type {coercion}.

Perl supports {closures}, {recursive functions}, {symbols}
with either {lexical scope} or {dynamic scope}, nested {data
structures} of arbitrary content and complexity (as lists or
hashes of references), and packages (which can serve as
classes, optionally inheriting {methods} from one or more
other classes). There is ongoing work on {threads},
{Unicode}, {exceptions}, and {backtracking}. Perl program
files can contain embedded documentation in {POD} (Plain Old
Documentation), a simple markup language.

The normal Perl distribution contains documentation for the
language, as well as over a hundred modules (program
libraries). Hundreds more are available from The
{Comprehensive Perl Archive Network}. Modules are themselves
generally written in Perl, but can be implemented as
interfaces to code in other languages, typically compiled C.

The free availability of modules for almost any conceivable
task, as well as the fact that Perl offers direct access to
almost all {system calls} and places no arbitrary limits on
data structure size or complexity, has led some to describe
Perl, in a parody of a famous remark about {lex}, as the
"Swiss Army chainsaw" of programming.

The use of Perl has grown significantly since its adoption as
the language of choice of many {World-Wide Web} developers.
{CGI} interfaces and libraries for Perl exist for several
{platforms} and Perl's speed and flexibility make it well
suited for form processing and on-the-fly {web page} creation.

Perl programs are generally stored as {text} {source} files,
which are compiled into {virtual machine} code at run time;
this, in combination with its rich variety of data types and
its common use as a glue language, makes Perl somewhat hard to
classify as either a "{scripting language}" or an
"{applications language}" -- see {Ousterhout's dichotomy}.
Perl programs are usually called "Perl scripts", if only for
historical reasons.

Version 5 was a major rewrite and enhancement of version 4,
released sometime before November 1993. It added real {data
structures} by way of "references", un-adorned {subroutine}
calls, and {method} {inheritance}.

The spelling "Perl" is preferred over the older "PERL" (even
though some explain the language's name as originating in the
acronym for "Practical Extraction and Report Language"). The
program that interprets/compiles Perl code is called
"perl", typically "/usr/local/bin/perl" or "/usr/bin/perl".

Latest version: 5.005_03 stable, 5.005_62 in development, as
of 1999-12-04.

{(http://perl.com/)}.

{Usenet} newsgroups: {news:comp.lang.perl.announce},
{news:comp.lang.perl.misc}.

["Programming Perl", Larry Wall and Randal L. Schwartz,
O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Sebastopol, CA. ISBN
0-93715-64-1].

["Learning Perl" by Randal L. Schwartz, O'Reilly & Associates,
Inc., Sebastopol, CA].

[{Jargon File}]

(1999-12-04)

Practical Extraction and Report Language (PERL)

Perl: /perl/, n. [Practical Extraction and Report Language, a.k.a. Pathologically
Eclectic Rubbish Lister] An interpreted language developed by Larry Wall,
author of
patch(1)
and
rn(1)).
Superficially resembles awk, but is much hairier,
including many facilities reminiscent of
sed(1)
and shells and a comprehensive Unix system-call interface. Unix sysadmins,
who are almost always incorrigible hackers, generally consider it one of
the languages of choice, and it is by far the most
widely used tool for making ‘live’ web pages via CGI. Perl has
been described, in a parody of a famous remark about
lex(1),
as the Swiss-Army chainsaw of Unix programming.
Though Perl is very useful, it would be a stretch to describe it as pretty
or elegant; people who like clean, spare design
generally prefer Python. See also Camel
Book, TMTOWTDI.


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英文字典中文字典相关资料:


  • The Perl Programming Language - www. perl. org
    The Perl Programming Language at Perl org Links and other helpful resources for new and experienced Perl programmers
  • About Perl - www. perl. org
    Perl is a highly capable, feature-rich programming language with over 37 years of development Perl runs on over 100 platforms from portables to mainframes and is suitable for both rapid prototyping and large scale development projects
  • Learn Perl - learn. perl. org
    · Installing Perl - and setup guide · First program - and some basic best practices · Perl Modules - introduction · Examples - what can you do with Perl? · Perl documentation · Perl books · Frequently Asked Questions
  • Perl Tutorials - learn. perl. org
    Many tutorials are available if you are interested in learning Perl Please note that these tutorials are introductions For reference material, please look at the perl documentation, either online or using the perldoc command (try perldoc perlintro)
  • Beginning Perl (free) - www. perl. org
    "There's more than one way to do it" is the motto of Perl, but this book aims to take you through them all We'll take you from installation, through the core language elements - regular expressions, references, modules and the like - and onto basic applied techniques
  • Installing Perl on Windows (32 and 64 bit) - learn. perl. org
    Strawberry Perl (a Perl packaged for Windows) is recommended as you get many useful modules (especially those that are tricky to install) along with it To interact with the command line and run Perl commands, you need to run 'cmd'
  • Learn Perl - www. perl. org
    The Perl FAQ Perl FAQs are available as part of your Perl distribution with the perldoc perlfaq command Read FAQs online at http: learn perl org faq
  • perlop - Perl expressions: operators, precedence, string literals . . .
    Perl operators have the following associativity and precedence, listed from highest precedence to lowest Operators borrowed from C keep the same precedence relationship with each other, even where C's precedence is slightly screwy (This makes learning Perl easier for C folks )
  • Perl Documentation - Perldoc Browser
    Perl officially stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language, except when it doesn't Perl was originally a language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on that information
  • perl - The Perl 5 language interpreter - Perldoc Browser
    Perl officially stands for Practical Extraction and Report Language, except when it doesn't Perl was originally a language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files, and printing reports based on that information It quickly became a good language for many system management tasks





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