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intercellular    音标拼音: [,ɪntɚs'ɛljəlɚ]

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  • hilbert space - What is a quantum state? - Physics Stack Exchange
    A state vector in the Hilbert space is a state of a quantum system Sure, you can represent a quantum system that can be described by a state vector also via a density matrix but the converse is not true, you can write down a density matrix also for a quantum system that simply does not have a state: for example, for one of the qubits in a Bell
  • wavefunction - Once decohered, is the quantum system always fully . . .
    which is what we observe experimentally In particular, you could think of the measurement apparatus like the environment this way, since it's just another system that is sensitive to the quantum state That said, the question of if, when and how the collapse occurs constitutes the measurement problem, and is currently unsolved (Or at least
  • quantum mechanics - Does the electron “know” it is in a superposition . . .
    In quantum theory, one system at one time has only one state, so strictly reading and strictly speaking, no Superposition of states does not mean the system is in two quantum states simultaneously It just means the quantum state we use to describe the system can be expressed as sum of other states It's a math feature of the theory, similar
  • quantum mechanics - What do physicists mean by an integrable system . . .
    The system might look like a mess since you have a zillion particles going all over the place, but each particle is doing its own thing, following an equation of motion that is independent of what the other particles are doing Given the initial conditions, + the conservation of each particle's momentum, the system is completely integrable
  • quantum mechanics - What does it mean for a Hamiltonian or system to be . . .
    Since a gapped system may have gapless excitations at boundary, so to define gapped Hamiltonian, we need to put the Hamiltonian on a space with no boundary Also, system with certain sizes may contain non-trivial excitations (such as spin liquid state of spin-1 2 spins on a lattice with an ODD number of sites), so we have to specify that the system have a certain sequence of sizes as we take
  • What is the (quantum) definition of thermal equilibrium?
    A quantum system in thermal equilibrium is in a mixed state that corresponds to the occupation probabilities of one of the statistical ensembles in equilibrium For instance, in the canonical ensemble description, the system is in equilibrium if its density matrix is $\mathrm{e}^{-\beta H}$
  • hilbert space - What are dimensions states in a quantum system . . .
    The possible states of a quantum system are modelled as vectors in a Hilbert space In finite dimension, this is the same as just a vector space It follows that the system has as many linearly independent states as the dimension of the vector space, just by definition You can always orthonormalize a basis of linearly independent vectors, so
  • Does measurement of quantum system always collapses the state of system . . .
    Does measurement in quantum mechanics always disturb the system? The measurement postulate states that "when we do a measurement on a quantum system, the state of the system is collapsed to one of the eigenstates of the system and successive measurements of the same observable yields the same result" Is this always true? Or is there any type





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