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  • What is PIRA in Multiple Sclerosis? | National MS Society
    What causes PIRA, or progression independent of relapse activity? Learn more about smoldering MS and new research on neurodegeneration and PIRA treatments Researchers focus on what’s driving MS progression and how to improve treatment
  • Provisional Irish Republican Army - Wikipedia
    The Provisional Irish Republican Army (Provisional IRA), officially known as the Irish Republican Army (IRA; Irish: Óglaigh na hÉireann) and informally known as the Provos, was an Irish republican paramilitary force that sought to end British rule in Northern Ireland, facilitate Irish reunification and bring about an independent republic encompa
  • Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) (aka, PIRA, the provos . . .
    What is the Irish Republican Army? The provisional Irish Republican Army, or IRA, is an outgrowth of an older group known as the Irish Republican Army, which fought an insurgency that
  • Defining progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) in adult . . .
    The concept of PIRA (progression independent of relapse activity) in relapsing multiple sclerosis is novel and potentially disruptive The essence of this concept is that a signal of disability progression is evident in early relapsing multiple sclerosis, independent of relapses
  • New PiRA | Standardised Reading Assessment for Ages 4-11 | Hachette . . .
    New PiRA (Progress in Reading Assessment) is a termly reading assessment for ages 4 – 11, standardised on over 10,000 learners to reliably benchmark performance and track progress against national averages
  • Using the Progression Independent of Relapse Activity Framework to . . .
    Progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), a recent concept to formalize disability accrual in multiple sclerosis (MS) independent of relapses, has gained popularity as a potential clinical trial outcome We discuss its shortcomings and appraise the challenges of implementing it in clinical settings, experimental trials, and research
  • PIRA Identified as the Most Common Form of Disability Accumulation in . . .
    Newly published in JAMA Neurology, a systematic review showed that progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) is the most frequent manifestation of disability accumulation across the full spectrum of traditional multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotypes, including clinically isolated syndrome and early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
  • Understanding PIRA in Multiple Sclerosis - ECTRIMS
    Detailed exploration of studies evaluating the use of highly effective treatments have unveiled the clinical concept of progression independent of disease activity (PIRA), or an accumulation of disability in the absence of relapse-associated worsening (RAW), in multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • Addressing PIRA remains unmet need | Smoldering MS Website
    Discover how addressing progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) remains a significant unmet need in people with multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • CHAPTER FIVE Provisional Irish Republican Army - JSTOR
    Republican Army (PIRA) reveals ample evidence of organizational change and evolu-tion Through its nearly 30-year history, the group has altered its tactics, manufac-tured new weapons, modified its targeting practices, and significantly changed its own structure to improve its security PIRA has also devoted significant effort to cir-





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