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  • Amino acid | Definition, Structure, Facts | Britannica
    Amino acid, any of a group of organic molecules that consist of a basic amino group, an acidic carboxyl group, and a unique organic side chain The term amino acid is short for α-amino [alpha-amino] carboxylic acid Examples of amino acids include glycine and threonine
  • Amino acid - Building Blocks, Structure, Functions | Britannica
    The chemical structures of Group I amino acids are: Isoleucine is an isomer of leucine, and it contains two chiral carbon atoms Proline is unique among the standard amino acids in that it does not have both free α-amino and free α-carboxyl groups
  • Structure and properties of amino acids | Britannica
    amino acid, Any of a class of organic compounds in which a carbon atom has bonds to an amino group (―NH2), a carboxyl group (―COOH), a hydrogen atom (―H), and an organic side group (called ―R)
  • Protein - Amino Acids, Structure, Function | Britannica
    Structures of common amino acids The amino acids present in proteins differ from each other in the structure of their side (R) chains The simplest amino acid is glycine, in which R is a hydrogen atom In a number of amino acids, R represents straight or branched carbon chains
  • Amino Acid, Protein Structure Peptide Bonds - Britannica
    Proline, an amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of proteins Its molecule contains a secondary amino group (>NH) rather than the primary amino group (>NH2) characteristic of most amino acids Unlike other amino acids, proline, first isolated from casein (1901), is readily soluble in alcohol
  • glutamic acid - Encyclopedia Britannica
    glutamic acid, an amino acid occurring in substantial amounts as a product of the hydrolysis of proteins Certain plant proteins (e g , gliadin) yield as much as 45 percent of their weight as glutamic acid; other proteins yield 10 to 20 percent
  • Protein - Structure, Function, Amino Acids | Britannica
    The amino acid composition of proteins Structures of common amino acids; Physicochemical properties of the amino acids; Amino acid sequence in protein molecules; Levels of structural organization in proteins Primary structure; Secondary structure; Tertiary structure; Quaternary structure; The isolation and determination of proteins
  • Building Blocks, Protein Synthesis Metabolism - Britannica
    Glycine, the simplest amino acid, obtainable by hydrolysis of proteins Sweet-tasting, it was among the earliest amino acids to be isolated from gelatin (1820) Especially rich sources include gelatin and silk fibroin
  • Phenylalanine | Amino Acid, Protein, Metabolism | Britannica
    phenylalanine, an amino acid present in the mixture obtained upon hydrolysis of common proteins Human hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying pigment of red blood cells) is one of the richest sources of phenylalanine, yielding 9 6 percent by weight
  • Nucleic acid | Definition, Function, Structure, Types | Britannica
    Nucleic acids are naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells They play an especially important role in directing protein synthesis The two main classes of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA ) and ribonucleic acid ( RNA )





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