pascal 音标拼音: [pæsk'æl]
n . 法国哲学家
n . 计算机程序设计语言
法国哲学家计算机程式设计语言
PASCAL 帕司卡(语言);电脑语言;
PASCAL 语言
pascal n 1 :
a unit of pressure equal to one newton per square meter [
synonym : {
pascal }, {
Pa }]
2 :
French mathematician and philosopher and Jansenist ;
invented an adding machine ;
contributed (
with Fermat )
to the theory of probability (
1623 -
1662 ) [
synonym : {
Pascal }, {
Blaise Pascal }]
3 :
a programing language designed to teach programming through a top -
down modular approach (After the French mathematician {Blaise Pascal }
1623 -1662 )) A programming language designed by {Niklaus
Wirth } around 1970 . Pascal was designed for simplicity and
for teaching programming , in reaction to the complexity of
ALGOL 68 }. It emphasises {structured programming }
constructs , data structures and {strong typing }. Innovations
included {enumeration types }, {subranges }, sets , {variant
records }, and the {case statement }. Pascal has been extremely
influential in programming language design and has a great
number of variants and descendants .
ANSI /IEEE770X3 .97 -1993 is very similar to {ISO Pascal } but
does not include {conformant arrays }.
ISO 7185 -1983 (E ). Level 0 and Level 1 . Changes from Jensen &
names must be bound
before they are used ; loop index must be local to the
procedure ; formal procedure parameters must include their
arguments ; {conformant array schemas }.
An ALGOL -descended language designed by Niklaus Wirth on the
CDC 6600 around 1967 --68 as an instructional tool for
elementary programming . This language , designed primarily to
keep students from shooting themselves in the foot and thus
extremely restrictive from a general -purpose -programming point
of view , was later promoted as a general -purpose tool and , in
fact , became the ancestor of a large family of languages
including Modula -2 and {Ada } (see also {bondage -and -discipline
language }). The hackish point of view on Pascal was probably
best summed up by a devastating (and , in its deadpan way ,
screamingly funny ) 1981 paper by Brian Kernighan (of {K &R}
Pascal :
n .
An Algol -
descended language designed by Niklaus Wirth on the CDC 6600 around 1967 --
68 as an instructional tool for elementary programming .
This language ,
designed primarily to keep students from shooting themselves in the foot and thus extremely restrictive from a general -
purpose -
programming point of view ,
was later promoted as a general -
purpose tool and ,
in fact ,
became the ancestor of a large family of languages including Modula -
2 and Ada (
see also bondage -
and -
discipline language ).
The hackish point of view on Pascal was probably best summed up by a devastating (
and ,
in its deadpan way ,
screamingly funny )
1981 paper by Brian Kernighan (
of K &
R fame )
entitled Why Pascal is Not My Favorite Programming Language ,
which was turned down by the technical journals but circulated widely via photocopies .
It was eventually published in Comparing and Assessing Programming Languages ,
edited by Alan Feuer and Narain Gehani (
Prentice -
Hall ,
1984 ).
Part of his discussion is worth repeating here ,
because its criticisms are still apposite to Pascal itself after many years of improvement and could also stand as an indictment of many other bondage -
and -
discipline languages . (
The entire essay is available at http ://
www .
lysator .
liu .
se /
c /
bwk -
on -
pascal .
html .)
At the end of a summary of the case against Pascal ,
Kernighan wrote :
9 . There is no escapeThis last point is perhaps the most important . The language is inadequate but circumscribed , because there is no way to escape its limitations . There are no casts to disable the type -checking when necessary .There is no way to replace the defective run -time environment with a sensible one , unless one controls the compiler that defines the “standard procedures ”. The language is closed .People who use Pascal for serious programming fall into a fatal trap .Because the language is impotent , it must be extended . But each group extends Pascal in its own direction , to make it look like whatever language they really want . Extensions for separate compilation , FORTRAN -like COMMON , string data types , internal static variables , initialization , octal numbers , bit operators , etc ., all add to the utility of the language for one group but destroy its portability to others .I feel that it is a mistake to use Pascal for anything much beyond its original target . In its pure form , Pascal is a toy language , suitable for teaching but not for real programming .Pascal has since been entirely displaced (
mainly by C )
from the niches it had acquired in serious applications and systems programming ,
and from its role as a teaching language by Java .
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