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judge 音标拼音: [dʒ'ʌdʒ] n. 法官,审判官,推事
vt. 审理,鉴定,判断,判决,裁定
vi. 下判断,作评价 法官,审判官,推事审理,鉴定,判断,判决,裁定下判断,作评价 judge n 1: a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice [ synonym: { judge}, { justice}, { jurist}] 2: an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality [ synonym: { evaluator}, { judge}] v 1: determine the result of ( a competition) 2: form a critical opinion of; " I cannot judge some works of modern art"; " How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" " We shouldn' t pass judgment on other people" [ synonym: { evaluate}, { pass judgment}, { judge}] 3: judge tentatively or form an estimate of ( quantities or time); " I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds" [ synonym: { estimate}, { gauge}, { approximate}, { guess}, { judge}] 4: pronounce judgment on; " They labeled him unfit to work here" [ synonym: { pronounce}, { label}, { judge}] 5: put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of; " The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"; " The judge tried both father and son in separate trials" [ synonym: { judge}, { adjudicate}, { try}] Judge \ Judge\ ( j[ u^] j), n. [ OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See { Judge}, v. i.] [ 1913 Webster] 1. ( Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. [ 1913 Webster] The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. -- Bacon. [ 1913 Webster] 2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. [ 1913 Webster] A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. -- Dryden. [ 1913 Webster] 3. A person appointed to decide in a trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race. [ 1913 Webster] 4. ( Jewish Hist.) One of the supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years. [ 1913 Webster] 5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. [ 1913 Webster] { Judge Advocate} ( Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court- martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel. { Judge- Advocate General}, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts- martial. Syn: { Judge}, { Umpire}, { Arbitrator}, { Referee}. Usage: A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court. [ 1913 Webster]
Judge \ Judge\, v. t. 1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. " Chaos [ shall] judge the strife." -- Milton. [ 1913 Webster] 2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom. [ 1913 Webster] God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. -- Eccl. iii. 7. [ 1913 Webster] To bring my whole cause ' fore his holiness, And to be judged by him. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward. [ 1913 Webster] Judge not, that ye be not judged. -- Matt. vii. 1. [ 1913 Webster] 4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon. [ 1913 Webster] If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. -- Acts xvi. 15. [ 1913 Webster] 5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [ Obs.] [ 1913 Webster] Make us a king to judge us. -- 1 Sam. viii. 5. [ 1913 Webster]
Judge \ Judge\, v. i. [ imp. & p. p. { Judged} ( j[ u^] jd); p. pr. & vb. n. { Judging}.] [ OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See { Just}, a., and { Diction}, and cf. { Judicial}.] [ 1913 Webster] 1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence. [ 1913 Webster] The Lord judge between thee and me. -- Gen. xvi. 5. [ 1913 Webster] Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! -- Milton. [ 1913 Webster] 2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See { Judge}, v. t., 3. [ 1913 Webster] Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about. [ 1913 Webster] Judge not according to the appearance. -- John vii. 24. [ 1913 Webster] She is wise if I can judge of her. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 160 Moby Thesaurus words for " judge": account, account as, act between, adjudge, adjudicate, adjudicator, administer, administer justice, administrate, allow, amateur, appraise, appraiser, appreciate, approximate, arbiter, arbiter elegantiarum, arbiter of taste, arbitrate, arbitrator, assess, assume, authority, bargain, be afraid, be judicious, beak, believe, bon vivant, call, charge the jury, check, cognoscente, collect, collector, conceive, conciliator, conclude, conduct a trial, conjecture, connaisseur, connoisseur, consider, count, court, critic, daresay, decide, decree, deduce, deduct, deem, deemster, demonstrate, dempster, derive, determine, dilettante, draw, epicure, epicurean, esteem, estimate, evaluate, evaluator, exercise judgment, expect, expert, express an opinion, fancy, find, form an opinion, gather, go between, good judge, gourmand, gourmet, guess, have a hunch, have an idea, have an impression, have an inkling, have the idea, hear, hold, hold as, imagine, impartial arbitrator, infer, intercede, intermediary, intermediate, interpose, intervene, judger, judicator, jurist, justice, look upon as, magistrate, maintain, make, make out, make terms, maven, measure, mediate, mediator, meet halfway, moderate, moderator, negotiate, negotiator, opine, pass sentence, peacemaker, pine, place, preside, presume, pronounce sentence, prove, put, rate, reckon, reconciler, referee, refined palate, regard, represent, review, reviewer, rule, set down as, settle, show, sit in judgment, size up, step in, suppose, surmise, suspect, take, take for, take it, test, think, think of, third party, treat with, trow, try, try a case, umpire, unbiased observer, value, view as, virtuoso, ween, weighJudge ( Heb. shophet, pl. shophetim), properly a magistrate or ruler, rather than one who judges in the sense of trying a cause. This is the name given to those rulers who presided over the affairs of the Israelites during the interval between the death of Joshua and the accession of Saul ( Judg. 2: 18), a period of general anarchy and confusion. " The office of judges or regents was held during life, but it was not hereditary, neither could they appoint their successors. Their authority was limited by the law alone, and in doubtful cases they were directed to consult the divine King through the priest by Urim and Thummim ( Num. 27: 21). Their authority extended only over those tribes by whom they had been elected or acknowledged. There was no income attached to their office, and they bore no external marks of dignity. The only cases of direct divine appointment are those of Gideon and Samson, and the latter stood in the peculiar position of having been from before his birth ordained ' to begin to deliver Israel.' Deborah was called to deliver Israel, but was already a judge. Samuel was called by the Lord to be a prophet but not a judge, which ensued from the high gifts the people recognized as dwelling in him; and as to Eli, the office of judge seems to have devolved naturally or rather ex officio upon him." Of five of the judges, Tola ( Judg. 10: 1), Jair ( 3), Ibzan, Elon, and Abdon ( 12: 8- 15), we have no record at all beyond the bare fact that they were judges. Sacred history is not the history of individuals but of the kingdom of God in its onward progress. In Ex. 2: 14 Moses is so styled. This fact may indicate that while for revenue purposes the " taskmasters" were over the people, they were yet, just as at a later time when under the Romans, governed by their own rulers. JUDGE. A public officer, lawfully appointed to decide litigated questions according to law. This, in its most extensive sense, includes all officers who are appointed to decide such questions, and not only judges properly so called, but also justices of the peace, and jurors, who are judges of the facts in issue. See 4 Dall. 229; 3 Yeates, IR. 300. In a more limited sense, the term judge signifies an officer who is so named in his commission, and who presides in some court. 2. Judges are appointed or elected, in a variety of ways, in the United States they are appointed by the president, by and with the consent of the senate; in some of the states they are appointed by the governor, the governor and senate, or by the legislature. In the United States, and some of the states, they hold their offices during good behaviour; in others, as in New York, during, good behaviour, or until they shall attain a certain age and in others for a limited term of years. 3. Impartiality is the first duty of a judge; before he gives an opinion, or sits in judgment in a cause, he ought to be certain that he has no bias for or against either of the parties; and if he has any ( the slightest) interest in the cause, he is disqualified from sitting as judge; aliquis non debet esse judex in propria causa; 8 Co. 118; 21 Pick. Rep. 101; 5 Mass. 92; 13 Mass. 340; 6 Pick. R. 109; 14 S. & R. 157- 8; and when he is aware of such interest, he ought himself to refuse to sit on the case. It seems it is discretionary with him whether he will sit in a cause in which he has been of counsel. 2 Marsh. 517; Coxe, 164; see 2 Binn. 454. But the delicacy which characterizes the judges in this country, generally, forbids their sitting in such a cause. 4. He must not only be impartial, but he must follow and enforce the law, whether good or bad. He is bound to declare what the law is, and not to make it; he is not an arbitrator, but an interpreter of the law. It is his duty to be patient in the investigation of the case, careful in considering it, and firm in his judgment. He ought, according to Cicero, " never to lose sight that he is a man, and that he cannot exceed the power given him by his commission; that not only power, but public confidence has been given to him; that he ought always seriously to attend not to his wishes but to the requisitions of law, of justice and religion." Cic. pro. Cluentius. A curious case of judicial casuistry is stated by Aulus Gellius Att. Noct. lib: 14, cap. 2, which may be interesting to the reader. 5. While acting within the bounds of his jurisdiction, the judge is hot responsible for any error of judgment, nor mistake he may commit as a judge. Co. Litt. 294; 2 Inst. 422; 2 Dall. R. 160; 1 Yeates, R. 443; N. & M' C. 168; 1 Day, R. 315; 1 Root, R. 211; 3 Caines, R. 170; 5 John. R. 282; 9 John. R. 395; 11 John. R. 150; 3 Marsh. R. 76; 1 South. R. 74; 1 N. H. Rep. 374; 2 Bay, 1, 69; 8 Wend. 468; 3 Marsh. R. 76,. When he acts corruptly, he may be impeached. 5 John. R. 282; 8 Cowen, R. 178; 4 Dall. R. 225. 6. A judge is not competent as a witness in a cause trying before him, for this, among other reasons, that he can hardly be deemed capable of impartially deciding on the admissibility of his own testimony, or of weighing. it against that of another. Martin' s R. N. S. 312. Vide, Com. Dig. Courts, B 4, C 2, E 1, P 16 justices, 1 1, 2, and 3; 14 Vin. Ab. 573; Bac. Ab. Courts, & c., B; 1 Kent, Com. 291; Ayl. Parerg. 309; Story, Const. Index, h. t. See U. S. Dig. Courts, I, where will be found an abstract of various decisions relating to the appointment and powers of judges in different states. Vide Equality; Incompetency.; |
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