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grain    音标拼音: [gr'en]
n. 谷物,粮食;颗,粒;些微,一点儿;纹理;脾气,特性

谷物,粮食;颗,粒;些微,一点儿;纹理;脾气,特性

grain


grain
n 1: a relatively small granular particle of a substance; "a
grain of sand"; "a grain of sugar"
2: foodstuff prepared from the starchy grains of cereal grasses
[synonym: {grain}, {food grain}, {cereal}]
3: the side of leather from which the hair has been removed
4: a weight unit used for pearls or diamonds: 50 mg or 1/4 carat
[synonym: {grain}, {metric grain}]
5: 1/60 dram; equals an avoirdupois grain or 64.799 milligrams
6: 1/7000 pound; equals a troy grain or 64.799 milligrams
7: dry seed-like fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g.
wheat, barley, Indian corn [synonym: {grain}, {caryopsis}]
8: a cereal grass; "wheat is a grain that is grown in Kansas"
9: the smallest possible unit of anything; "there was a grain of
truth in what he said"; "he does not have a grain of sense"
10: the direction, texture, or pattern of fibers found in wood
or leather or stone or in a woven fabric; "saw the board
across the grain"
11: the physical composition of something (especially with
respect to the size and shape of the small constituents of a
substance); "breadfruit has the same texture as bread";
"sand of a fine grain"; "fish with a delicate flavor and
texture"; "a stone of coarse grain" [synonym: {texture},
{grain}]
v 1: thoroughly work in; "His hands were grained with dirt"
[synonym: {ingrain}, {grain}]
2: paint (a surface) to make it look like stone or wood
3: form into grains [synonym: {granulate}, {grain}]
4: become granular [synonym: {granulate}, {grain}]

Grain \Grain\, v. & n.
See {Groan.} [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]


Grain \Grain\ (gr[=a]n), n. [F. grain, L. granum, grain, seed,
small kernel, small particle. See {Corn}, and cf. {Garner},
n., {Garnet}, {Gram} the chick-pea, {Granule}, {Kernel.}]
[1913 Webster]
1. A single small hard seed; a kernel, especially of those
plants, like wheat, whose seeds are used for food.
[1913 Webster]

2. The fruit of certain grasses which furnish the chief food
of man, as corn, wheat, rye, oats, etc., or the plants
themselves; -- used collectively.
[1913 Webster]

Storehouses crammed with grain. --Shak.
[1913 Webster]

3. Any small, hard particle, as of sand, sugar, salt, etc.;
hence, any minute portion or particle; as, a grain of
gunpowder, of pollen, of starch, of sense, of wit, etc.
[1913 Webster]

I . . . with a grain of manhood well resolved.
--Milton.
[1913 Webster]

4. The unit of the English system of weights; -- so called
because considered equal to the average of grains taken
from the middle of the ears of wheat. 7,000 grains
constitute the pound avoirdupois, and 5,760 grains the
pound troy. A grain is equal to .0648 gram. See {Gram.}
[1913 Webster]

5. A reddish dye made from the coccus insect, or kermes;
hence, a red color of any tint or hue, as crimson,
scarlet, etc.; sometimes used by the poets as equivalent
to {Tyrian purple}.
[1913 Webster]

All in a robe of darkest grain. --Milton.
[1913 Webster]

Doing as the dyers do, who, having first dipped
their silks in colors of less value, then give' them
the last tincture of crimson in grain. --Quoted by
Coleridge,
preface to
Aids to
Reflection.
[1913 Webster]

6. The composite particles of any substance; that arrangement
of the particles of any body which determines its
comparative roughness or hardness; texture; as, marble,
sugar, sandstone, etc., of fine grain.
[1913 Webster]

Hard box, and linden of a softer grain. --Dryden.
[1913 Webster]

7. The direction, arrangement, or appearance of the fibers in
wood, or of the strata in stone, slate, etc.
[1913 Webster]

Knots, by the conflux of meeting sap,
Infect the sound pine and divert his grain
Tortive and errant from his course of growth.
--Shak.
[1913 Webster]

8. The fiber which forms the substance of wood or of any
fibrous material.
[1913 Webster]

9. The hair side of a piece of leather, or the marking on
that side. --Knight.
[1913 Webster]

10. pl. The remains of grain, etc., after brewing or
distillation; hence, any residuum. Also called {draff}.
[1913 Webster]

11. (Bot.) A rounded prominence on the back of a sepal, as in
the common dock. See {Grained}, a., 4.
[1913 Webster]

12. Temper; natural disposition; inclination. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]

Brothers . . . not united in grain. --Hayward.
[1913 Webster]

13. A sort of spice, the grain of paradise. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]

He cheweth grain and licorice,
To smellen sweet. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]

{Against the grain}, against or across the direction of the
fibers; hence, against one's wishes or tastes;
unwillingly; unpleasantly; reluctantly; with difficulty.
--Swift. --Saintsbury.

{A grain of allowance}, a slight indulgence or latitude a
small allowance.

{Grain binder}, an attachment to a harvester for binding the
grain into sheaves.

{Grain colors}, dyes made from the coccus or kermes insect.


{Grain leather}.
(a) Dressed horse hides.
(b) Goat, seal, and other skins blacked on the grain side
for women's shoes, etc.

{Grain moth} (Zool.), one of several small moths, of the
family {Tineid[ae]} (as {Tinea granella} and {Butalis
cerealella}), whose larv[ae] devour grain in storehouses.


{Grain side} (Leather), the side of a skin or hide from which
the hair has been removed; -- opposed to {flesh side.}

{Grains of paradise}, the seeds of a species of amomum.

{grain tin}, crystalline tin ore metallic tin smelted with
charcoal.

{Grain weevil} (Zool.), a small red weevil ({Sitophilus
granarius}), which destroys stored wheat and other grain,
by eating out the interior.

{Grain worm} (Zool.), the larva of the grain moth. See {grain
moth}, above.

{In grain}, of a fast color; deeply seated; fixed; innate;
genuine. "Anguish in grain." --Herbert.

{To dye in grain}, to dye of a fast color by means of the
coccus or kermes grain [see {Grain}, n., 5]; hence, to dye
firmly; also, to dye in the wool, or in the raw material.
See under {Dye.}
[1913 Webster]

The red roses flush up in her cheeks . . .
Likce crimson dyed in grain. --Spenser.

{To go against the grain of} (a person), to be repugnant to;
to vex, irritate, mortify, or trouble.
[1913 Webster]


Grain \Grain\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Grained} (gr[=a]nd); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Graining.}]
1. To paint in imitation of the grain of wood, marble, etc.
[1913 Webster]

2. To form (powder, sugar, etc.) into grains.
[1913 Webster]

3. To take the hair off (skins); to soften and raise the
grain of (leather, etc.).
[1913 Webster]


Grain \Grain\, v. i. [F. grainer, grener. See {Grain}, n.]
1. To yield fruit. [Obs.] --Gower.
[1913 Webster]

2. To form grains, or to assume a granular form, as the
result of crystallization; to granulate.
[1913 Webster]


Grain \Grain\ (gr[=a]n), n. [See {Groin} a part of the body.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A branch of a tree; a stalk or stem of a plant. [Obs.]
--G. Douglas.
[1913 Webster]

2. A tine, prong, or fork. Specifically:
(a) One the branches of a valley or of a river.
(b) pl. An iron fish spear or harpoon, having four or more
barbed points.
[1913 Webster]

3. A blade of a sword, knife, etc.
[1913 Webster]

4. (Founding) A thin piece of metal, used in a mold to steady
a core.
[1913 Webster]

343 Moby Thesaurus words for "grain":
abrade, ace, acorn, aftergrass, animus, apply paint, aptitude,
atom, atomize, bamboo, barley, beat, bedaub, bedizen, begild, bent,
berry, besmear, bias, bird seed, bit, blood, body-build, bran,
brand, bray, break up, breccia, brecciate, breed, brush on paint,
calcimine, cane, cast, cat food, cereal, cereal plant, character,
characteristic, characteristics, chicken feed, chop, clan, coarsen,
coat, color, come to dust, comminute, complexion, composition,
constituents, constitution, contriturate, corn, cover, crasis,
crumb, crumble, crumble into dust, crumble to dust, crush, dab,
daub, debris, deep-dye, denomination, description, designation,
detritus, dharma, diathesis, dip, disintegrate, disposition,
distemper, dog food, dole, dot, double-dye, dram, dribble, driblet,
drop, droplet, dwarf, dye, eatage, eccentricity, effloresce,
emblazon, enamel, engild, ensilage, ethos, face, fall to dust,
fall to pieces, farinaceous plant, farthing, fast-dye, feather,
feed, feel, fiber, finish, flaxseed, fleck, flour, flyspeck,
fodder, fog, forage, forage grass, form, fragment, frame, fresco,
fruit, genius, genre, genus, gild, glaze, gloss, gnat, gobbet,
graminaceous plant, granular texture, granulate, granule, granulet,
granulize, grass, grate, gravel, grind, grind to powder, grist,
grit, groat, habit, hair, handful, hay, hayseed, hint, hue, humor,
humors, idiosyncrasy, ilk, illuminate, imbue, inclination,
indentation, individualism, ingrain, iota, japan, jot, kernel,
kidney, kin, kind, knub, label, lacquer, lawn grass, lay on color,
leaning, levigate, line, linseed, little, little bit, lot, lota,
make, makeup, manner, mark, mash, meal, mental set, mettle,
microbe, microorganism, midge, mill, mind, mind-set, minim,
minimum, minutia, minutiae, mite, modicum, mold, molecule, morsel,
mote, nap, nature, nub, number, nut, nutshell, oats,
ornamental grass, ounce, paint, parget, particle, pasturage,
pasture, pattern, pebble, persuasion, pestle, pet food, phylum,
physique, pigment, pile, pinch, pinhead, pinpoint, pip, pit,
pittance, pock, point, pound, powder, predilection, predisposition,
preference, prime, proclivity, propensity, property, protuberance,
provender, pulverize, quality, race, reduce to powder, reed,
roughen, sand, scintilla, scrap, scratch, scratch feed, scrunch,
scruple, seed, set, shade, shadow, shag, shape, shard, shellac,
shingle, shred, silage, slant, slop on paint, slops, smash, smear,
smidgen, smidgin, smitch, smooth, snip, snippet, somatotype, sort,
soupcon, species, speck, spirit, spoonful, spot, squash, stain,
stamp, stipple, stone, strain, straw, streak, stripe, structure,
style, suchness, suggestion, surface, surface texture, swill,
system, taste, temper, temperament, tendency, tenor, texture,
the like of, the likes of, thimbleful, tinct, tincture, tinge,
tint, tiny bit, tittle, tone, tooth, trace, tribe, trifling amount,
triturate, trivia, turn, turn of mind, twist, type, undercoat,
vanishing point, variety, varnish, vein, wale, warp, wash, way,
weave, wheat, whit, whitewash, woof

{granularity}

Grain
used, in Amos 9:9, of a small stone or kernel; in Matt. 13:31,
of an individual seed of mustard; in John 12:24, 1 Cor. 15:37,
of wheat. The Hebrews sowed only wheat, barley, and spelt; rye
and oats are not mentioned in Scripture.


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