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semiconductor 音标拼音: [s ,ɛmikənd'ʌktɚ] [s ,ɛmɪkənd'ʌktɚ] [s ,ɛmɑɪkənd'ʌktɚ] n. 半导体 半导体 semiconductor浮动栅金属氧化物半导体 FGMOS
semiconductor金属-氮化物-氧化物-半导体 MNOS
semiconductor金氧半导体;金属氧化物半导体 MOS
semiconductor金属-铝-半导体 MAS
semiconductor金属-绝缘体-半导体 MIS
semiconductor半导体 SCsemiconductor半导体 semiconductor n 1: a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; its conductivity increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities [ synonym: { semiconductor}, { semiconducting material}] 2: a conductor made with semiconducting material [ synonym: { semiconductor device}, { semiconductor unit}, { semiconductor}] A material, typically crystaline, which allows
{current} to flow under certain circumstances. Common
semiconductors are silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide.
Semiconductors are used to make {diodes}, {transistors} and
other basic "solid state" electronic components.
As crystals of these materials are grown, they are "doped"
with traces of other elements called {donors} or {acceptors}
to make regions which are n- or p-type respectively for the
{electron model} or p- or n-type under the {hole model}.
Where n and p type regions adjoin, a junction is formed which
will pass {current} in one direction (from p to n) but not the
other, giving a {diode}.
One {model} of semiconductor behaviour describes the doping
elements as having either {free electrons} or {holes} dangling
at the points in the crystal lattice where the doping elements
replace one of the atoms of the foundation material. When
external electrons are applied to n-type material (which
already has free electrons present) the repulsive force of
like charges causes the free electrons to migrate toward the
junction, where they are attracted to the holes in the p-type
material. Thus the junction conducts current.
In contrast, when external electrons are applied to p-type
material, the attraction of unlike charges causes the holes to
migrate away from the junction and toward the source of
external electrons. The junction thus becomes "depleted" of
its charge carriers and is non-conducting.
(1995-10-04)
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